Abstract for Choices, Values, and Frame Essay

Reading 2.2 Kahneman,D and Tvesky, A. (1984), ‘ Choices, values, and frames’. Ameriacn Psychologist, 39 (4) Abstract This article discuss when consumers feel a certain price which is bringing the â€Å"loss† rather than the â€Å"income†, they are more sensitive to price. Consumers are feeling a certain price more cost-effective manner and the other a less cost-effective. They will accord the cognitive psychological evaluation to exhibit a completely different personal attitude and decision making. Economic decision making theory has always been that people are fundamentally rational animal. However, human beings have irrational features in many aspects. One of the most attract somebody’s attention example is calling the â€Å"framing effect† In this effect, the positive or negative way to make a decision has had a dramatic effect on subsequent choice. The researchers found that integration from the decision system of emotional preference were potential causes of framing effect. With the potential risk benefit choices need to pay the cognitive effort than defined benefit choice; however, determining the damaged choice and risk selection potential damage to pay cognitive effort is the same. There are two fundamental analyze principles for rational choice theory: dominance and invariance. Dominance can be defined that project A in the worst case is better than project B, project A should be accept. Invariance requires that human describe selectivity problem for the same thing that will draw the common preference. Framing effect can be divide two types: positive and negative. The positive frame shows risk-averse preference for gains. On the other hand, the negative frame shows risk- seeking preference for losses. In addition, in mental accounting, money can be attributed to the different types of account which cannot replace each other. People are always divide outcomes into different mental accountings and use decision value and experience value, in order to evaluate the results whether can be accepted. EXAMPLE To discuss the cognitive psychology effects our daily life, I will give a  example of rent or buy a house in Sydney. If we want rent a house or apartment in Sydney which have two bedrooms, a living room and 2 bathrooms, according to my experience, we need to pay 600-800 dollar each week. Most of us may not feel pressure to rent an apartment for one or two years. If we spend 20000 or 30000 as down payment which is use for purchase an apartment. I think we could be hesitating. We analyze that purchase a apartment is better than rent in order to live one or two years in some place. We are willing spend less to live although we make sure loss 600-800 each week. However, it leads to a value of experience, and this experience value effect our decision. Finally, we would rather to rent an apartment although we know it not a rational investment. Reading 8.3 Abstract This article point out that the exercise of power in the process of development and implementation of organizational information systems are very expensive and time consuming. Accordingly, the theory of ‘sociology of translation’ provides corresponding solutions for the organization. According to the theory, there are two important features in the problemastisation. Firstly, actor or group should more specific in a general problem to find a mental to solving. Secondly, actors should be defined identities in a plan that will use their skill and experience precisely. The author point out an example that senior manager enjoy the IT program and analyze it to use reducing cost as a new tool. In addition, most of the consultants believe that organizations should make clear position, future goals and behavior before implement IT strategy. Meanwhile, consultants also believed that IT system is great significance strategy for organizations lead to successful. For another example, IT consultants try them best to make sure problematisation steady. The successive problematisations build an exercise of power and prevent other alternative problematisations from getting onto the agenda of the project team. In conclusion, the author solves the problems in the information technology process in the theory of concepts. Consultants adopted the theory of  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœsociology of translation’ to solve organizations’ problem. Discuss the nature of the relationship between external management consultants and customer or user groups. The author considers the other resource management role and differential access to its knowledge and skills, such as an important exercise of power relations. Example ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning): Enterprise resource planning system is basing on information technology. The use of information technology implementation of enterprise supply chain management, in order to realize scientific management of each link in the supply chain. ERP integrates information technology and advanced management ideas become the modern enterprise mode which reflecting the era of enterprise reasonable allocation of resources. It maximizes the creation of social wealth and become the cornerstone of corporate survival. In the company, the general management mainly includes three aspects: production control (planning, manufacturing, logistics (distribution), procurement, inventory management) and financial management (accounting, financial management); three systems are integrating and the importance of human resources constitutes the primary module of ERP system. The ERP system of business each module refinement, split, forming a relatively independent software syst em and the seamless connection, so that the enterprises of different scales can be freely combined according to need and make enterprise resource optimization configuration. Reading 1.3 Abstract The author claims a general make a strategic relate to several aspects. This article points out that your teammates or colleagues making decision will affect on yourself. Namely, the title of this article: â€Å"looking up and looking around†. Firstly, â€Å"looking up† is a basic human nature in any situation. In other words, when you meet a more experience and knowledge person (such as your manager and your boss) make a strategic, and then making decision follow how he/she would act. Secondly, ‘looking around’ is one of your opinions. When you work with your teammates or colleagues, you will find out how they deal with problems and what they make decisions. Then  you will follow their opinions to deal with yourself problems. The author also points out that â€Å"decision- making paralysis† always effect on everyone no matter you are middle manage or even the top manager and CEO. When face with a problem, human minds always goes blank. They want to find a solution to solve the problem. If not, they will look for someone to take the burden. On the other hand, they will afraid to make decision in any situation because they don’t want the decision bring fail. Most of managers suffer from anxiety that colleagues will find out their incapability. There is important problem that makes a rational strategic not only managers’ duty, it also relate to company’s structure and the project. Manager always are demanded to make a decision quickly which based on information transmits from primary levels. However, the information not particularly correct that leads to some wrong decisions in that situation. Obviously, the manager who makes the wrong decision in a organization should take the bl ame and be fired. This situation always happens in many companies. The author claims that a outstanding managers should have a rational analyze and quick thinking abilities. Example In my experience, when I worked at an international land sales company, my manager receives a project to help a China company find an office. Our team receive the order which needs a 300㎠¡ work place in shanghai CBD. Firstly, we should make a research to find out whether a suitable square. Our manager makes a decision to ask some building manager which is located in shanghai CBD. Finally, we find a suitable place for the China Company. However, when we check require with the company, our assistant told us we get wrong squares that is 400 ㎠¡. So our manager has to afresh contact to the building list. Fortunately, we found a 90 ㎠¡ near the former one. Our manager decides to connect the two work place to reach 400㎠¡. We successfully completed out task on time.

Thomas Hardy’s View on Time

In hardy's poems time is not constant or limited by a forward direction of time passing nor the vertical view of time. time is a landscape or location upon which we view the different vantage points and aspects of it, and consequently he has given locations the characteristics of time. The journey through locations is constant and forward moving but as in time you can access memories but revisiting them in your mind, or in hardy's sense, by revisiting the location. ou are not locked in time as you are in reality, hardy rewinds time as he chooses and sees what he saw at any period in his life but only when at the location. This comes through in â€Å"after a journey† when hardy revisits a cave and the echo from his previous visit their still remained, as if no time had passed, â€Å"and the cave just under, with a voice still so hollow that it seems to call out to me from forty years ago† Hardy's subconscious is so active that by revisiting a place, any memories from the re reawaken and occupy the scene.In the first stanza of ‘where the picnic was' we are in hardy's memory at the early stages of assumedly Emma and hardy's marriage, when the ‘fire' was still young and strong in their relationship. Hardy is describing a place they went in the summer time. towards the end of the stanza we are indicated that there has been a change and time is allowed to show what is in front of him then juxtaposition is introduced and we are rapidly in this new, dull and derelict scene but the location has not changed.The time jump shows where hardy really is in his life journey. Reminding him that can although he can see all these different vantage points of a landscape there is always on true outcome the present giving time a personality and the ability to ridicule. This relates to â€Å"after a journey† where   Time is personified â€Å"despite Time's derision† time is given a character that in a way as if to taunt Hardy for wanting so mu ch to access old layers of time . Emphasising that time has the ultimate power and control and can not be completely defied

Last Sacrifice Chapter Eighteen

I SPRANG UP FROM THE bed, relieved that I didn't fall over. My head still hurt, but I no longer felt dizzy, which hopefully meant I really had evaded a concussion. Glancing at an alarm clock as I left Sonya's bedroom, I saw that I'd been in Lissa's head for a few hours. Her test had been far more extensive than I'd realized. In the living room, I found an almost comical sight. Victor and Robert stood there, in the flesh, taking in the surrounding details. Even Robert seemed to be with us mentally this time. Only, whereas Victor was studying everything in his calculating way, Robert's attention was fixed on Sonya. His eyes bugged out in astonishment. Dimitri, meanwhile, hadn't altered his position near Sonya or put away the stake at her throat. It was clear from his stance and watchful gaze, however, that he regarded the brothers as a new threat and was trying–impossibly–to stay on guard against everything. He seemed relieved to see me and have some backup. Sonya had gone perfectly still within her chains, which I didn't like at all. It made me think she was planning something. Her red eyes narrowed. The whole situation was tense and dangerous, but a tiny part of me felt smug satisfaction as I studied Victor more closely. The dream meetings had been deceptive. Just as I could shift my appearance in dreams, Victor had made himself look stronger and healthier in those visits than he actually was in real life. Age, disease, and life on the run were taking their toll. Dark shadows lined his eyes, and his graying hair seemed thinner than it had a month ago. He looked haggard and tired, but I knew he was still dangerous. â€Å"So,' I said, hands on hips. â€Å"You managed to find us.' â€Å"There's one lake in this town,' said Victor. â€Å"One blue house. Maybe you had trouble with those directions, but for the rest of us, it wasn't that difficult.' â€Å"Well, if you're so smart, what's your plan now?' I asked. I was trying to stall as I frantically thought about what my plan was. I'd wanted to capture Victor and Robert but didn't know how. Since we had to split our attention between them and Sonya, Dimitri and I couldn't team up. I wished we had leftover chain. Aside from physically subduing the brothers, we would also specifically need to restrain their hands to reduce their ability to use magic. â€Å"Since you're so smart,' countered Victor, â€Å"I assumed you'd have already obtained the needed information.' I gestured toward Sonya. â€Å"She's not exactly forthcoming.' Victor's eyes fell on her. â€Å"Sonya Karp. You've changed since I last saw you.' â€Å"I'm going to kill you all,' Sonya snarled. â€Å"And consume you one by one. Normally, I'd start with the human and work up to the Moroi, but †¦' She glanced at Dimitri and me, her face full of rage. â€Å"I think I'll save you two for last and drag out your suffering.' She paused and almost comically added, â€Å"You've annoyed me the most.' â€Å"Do all Strigoi go through some boot camp and learn all the same threats? It's a wonder you don't cackle too.' I turned back to Victor. â€Å"See? Not that easy. We've tried everything. Beating it out, torturing it out. Sydney went through the names of all her relatives. No reaction.' Victor studied Sydney in detail for the first time. â€Å"So. Your pet Alchemist.' Sydney didn't move. I knew she had to be scared of facing someone who was both a vampire and a dangerous criminal. I had to give her points for meeting his stare unflinchingly. â€Å"Young,' Victor mused. â€Å"But of course she would be. I imagine it's the only way you could manipulate her into this little escapade.' â€Å"I'm here by choice,' replied Sydney. Her expression stayed calm and confident. â€Å"No one manipulated me.' Abe's blackmail wasn't really relevant at the moment. â€Å"Look, if you wanted to keep torturing me with your not-funny comments, you could have just kept invading my dreams,' I snapped. â€Å"If you don't have anything useful to offer, then get out of here and let us wait until hunger weakens Sonya.' And by get out of here, I meant: foolishly think you're going to leave so that I can knock your heads together and drag you back to the guardians. â€Å"We can help,' said Victor. He touched his brother lightly on the arm. Robert flinched, jerking his eyes from Sonya to Victor. â€Å"Your methods were destined to fail. If you want answers, there's only one way to–‘ Sonya made her move. Dimitri was still right next to her, but he'd also been keeping an eye on the rest of us. And of course, I'd been completely focused on the Victor drama as well. It was probably the best opening Sonya could have hoped for. With crazy Strigoi strength, she bucked up from the chair. The chain was wrapped around her over and over, but her quick movement and strength were enough to snap the chain in two places. The rest still encircled her, but I knew perfectly well even one opening was enough for her to eventually bust out. Distracted or not, Dimitri was on her in a flash, and a second later, so was I. She was flailing in the chair, using every bit of her strength and speed to shake off the chains. If she got loose, I knew she'd put up another fierce fight. Dimitri and I met eyes briefly, and I knew we were thinking the same things. First, how were we going to re-restrain her? The chain could probably be rebound, but we'd need to unwind it and start over, which would be next to impossible. We also both knew he and I might not be able to take her down a second time, and now we had innocents around. They couldn't fight, but Sonya might be able to use them to her advantage somehow. All we could do was try to keep her down. Holding her against a flat surface like the floor would have been much easier than the unwieldy recliner. It shook as she fought against us, and we struggled to get a good position on the chair. Dimitri had his stake– I'd set mine down earlier–and he raked it against her skin, giving us some advantage in the struggle. She screamed in rage, and I clung to the hope we might tire her out. Probably not. We'd break first. My aching head was proof enough that I wasn't in peak condition. I saw a flash of movement in my periphery, setting off new alarms. Robert Doru was heading toward us–and he had a silver stake in his hand. The sight was so bizarre and unexpected that I was slow to alert Dimitri. When my sluggish mind suddenly kicked back to life, it was too late. â€Å"No!' I shrieked, seeing Robert raise the stake. â€Å"Don't kill her!' Dimitri turned and saw Robert then, but there was nothing he could do. Dimitri and I had created the perfect opportunity. We were holding Sonya still, and with her chest vulnerable, Robert had a clean shot. Frantically, I wondered what to do. If I stopped him, I'd release Sonya. If I didn't stop him, he might kill our only chance at finding out who– Too late. The stake plunged down with a force that astonished me. Lissa had had a very difficult time staking Dimitri, and I'd assumed the same would be true for someone like Robert, who was older and seemed so fragile. But, no. He still had to use two hands, but the stake went firmly into Sonya's chest, piercing her heart. Sonya let out an intense scream. A brilliant, blinding white light suddenly filled the room, just as an unseen force blasted me away. I hit a wall, my brain barely registering the pain. The small house shook, and with one hand, I tried to grab something and brace myself. I squeezed my eyes shut but could still see starbursts. Time slowed. My heartbeat slowed. Then–it all stopped. Everything. The light. The tremors. I breathed normally. All was quiet and still, as though I'd imagined what had just happened. I blinked, trying to bring my eyes back into focus and assess the situation. I did my best to scramble clumsily to my feet and saw Dimitri was doing the same. He looked like he'd also been knocked over but had caught the wall for support, rather than smashing into it. Robert was lying flat out on the floor, and Victor rushed over to help him. Sydney just stood frozen. And Sonya? â€Å"Unbelievable,' I whispered. Sonya was still in the armchair, and from the way she was sitting back, it was obvious that she'd been blasted by the same force that had hit the rest of us. The chains were still around her, but she'd stopped struggling. On her lap was the silver stake Robert had held only moments ago. Sonya managed to wiggle a hand out of the chain, just enough for her fingers to brush against the stake's surface. Her eyes widened with wonder–eyes that were a rich, azure blue. Robert had brought Sonya Karp back to life. She was no longer Strigoi. When Lissa had saved Dimitri, I'd felt the magic's power through the bond, giving me the full and overwhelming experience of it all. Witnessing it now, without the firsthand knowledge provided from Lissa, was still just as incredible. Victor was preoccupied with Robert, but the rest of us couldn't stop staring at Sonya in amazement. I kept looking for anything–anything–that might give the slightest hint of her previous existence. There was none. Her skin bore the typical Moroi paleness, but it was still filled with the warmth of life, with the faintest tinge of color–not like the Strigoi, who were completely devoid of pigment. Her eyes were bloodshot, but that was from her rapidly forming tears. There was no red ring around her irises. And the look in those eyes †¦ there was no cruelty or malice. They were not the eyes of someone who had just threatened to kill us all. Her eyes were all shock and fear and confusion. I couldn't tear my gaze from her. A miracle. Another miracle. Even after seeing Lissa restore Dimitri, some secret part of me had believed I would never witness anything like it again. That was how miracles worked. Once in a lifetime. There'd been a lot of talk about using spirit to save Strigoi everywhere, talk that had faded when other drama–such as the murder of a queen– took precedence at Court. The shortage of spirit users had also made the idea unpopular, and besides, everyone knew the difficulties involved with a Moroi staking a Strigoi. If trained guardians died fighting Strigoi, how could a Moroi stake one? Well, here was the answer: a subdued Strigoi. A Moroi could manage staking one with two hands, especially with guardian backup. The possibilities made me reel. Robert's magic was strong, but he was old and frail. Yet, if he had still done this, could any spirit user? He'd almost made it look easy. Could Adrian do it? Could Lissa do it again? A miracle. Sonya Karp was a living, breathing miracle. And suddenly, she began screaming. It started off as kind of a low wail and rapidly grew in volume. The noise snapped me to attention, but I didn't exactly know how to respond. Dimitri did. His stake fell from his hand, and he rushed to Sonya's side, where he began trying to free her from the chains. She floundered at his touch, but her efforts no longer packed the supernatural strength of an undead monster seeking revenge. These were the motions of someone desperately, terribly afraid. I'd wrapped those chains pretty securely, but Dimitri had them off in seconds. Once Sonya was free, he sat in the chair and pulled her to him, letting her bury her face against his chest and sob. I swallowed. Dimitri had also wept when he had been changed back. An odd image of newborn babies flashed through my mind. Was crying the natural reaction for anyone being born–or, in this case, reborn–into the world? A sudden movement grabbed my attention. Sydney's eyes were wide, and she was actually moving toward Dimitri–to stop him. â€Å"What are you doing?' she cried. â€Å"Don't release her!' Dimitri ignored Sydney, and I caught hold of her, pulling her back. â€Å"It's okay, it's okay,' I said. Sydney was the most stable factor in this whole operation. I couldn't have her freaking out. â€Å"She's not Strigoi. Look. Look at her. She's Moroi.' Sydney slowly shook her head. â€Å"She can't be. I just saw her.' â€Å"It's what happened to Dimitri. Exactly the same. You don't think he's a Strigoi, do you? You trust him.' I released my hold on her, and she stayed put, her face wary. Looking down at the brothers, I realized theirs might be a more serious situation than I had realized. Robert, while not a Strigoi, looked pale enough to be one. His eyes were vacant, drool escaping his partially open mouth. I reassessed my earlier observation about Robert making Strigoi restoration look easy. He'd staked her like a pro, but obviously, there were a few side effects. Victor was trying to support his brother and murmured soothing and encouraging words. And on Victor's face †¦ well, there was a look of compassion and fear that I'd never seen before. My brain didn't entirely know how to reconcile it with my well-defined and villainous image of him. He seemed like a real person. Victor glanced up at me, his lips twisting into a bitter smile. â€Å"What, no witty quips now? You should be happy. We've given you what you wanted. You need answers from Sonya Karp?' He nodded toward her. â€Å"Go get them. They've certainly come at a high price.' â€Å"No!' exclaimed Dimitri. He still held Sonya against him, but his gentle expression turned hard at Victor's words. â€Å"Are you crazy? Didn't you see what just happened?' Victor arched an eyebrow. â€Å"Yes. I noticed.' â€Å"She's in no condition to answer anything! She's in shock. Leave her alone.' â€Å"Don't act like she's the one who's suffering here,' snapped Victor. Turning back to Robert, Victor helped his brother stand and go toward the couch. Robert barely managed it, his legs trembling and then giving way as he sat down. Victor put an arm around Robert. â€Å"You'll be all right. Everything's all right.' â€Å"Will he be?' I asked uncertainly. Robert didn't look like he was in all that good of shape. My earlier thoughts about spirit users saving Strigoi continued growing unrealistic. â€Å"He †¦ he did it before and recovered, right? And Lissa's fine.' â€Å"Robert was much younger–as is Vasilisa,' replied Victor, patting Robert's shoulder. â€Å"And this is hardly a simple spell. Doing it even once is monumental. Twice? Well, you and I both know how spirit works, and this feat takes a toll on both body and mind. Robert has made a great sacrifice for you.' He had, I supposed. â€Å"Thank you, Robert,' I said. The words came hesitantly to my lips. Robert didn't seem to hear. Dimitri stood up, lifting Sonya easily in his arms. She was still crying, but her sobs were quieter now. â€Å"She needs to rest,' he said gruffly. â€Å"Believe me, you have no idea what's going on inside her right now.' â€Å"Oh, I believe you,' I said. â€Å"You're idiots,' snapped Victor. â€Å"Both of you.' It was a wonder Dimitri's glare didn't pin Victor to the floor. â€Å"No interrogation yet.' I nodded my agreement, not knowing what else to do. When Lissa had changed Dimitri, she'd taken on a fierce, similarly protective attitude. He might not have been the one to change Sonya, but he was the only one here who had any idea what she was going through. I knew he'd had a hard adjustment and that the initial effects of the restoration had been disorienting. That wasn't even taking into account the subsequent depression. He swept past all of us, taking Sonya to her bedroom. Sydney watched them go and then glanced over to the sofa, where Victor still had his arm wrapped around his brother. The Alchemist met my eyes wonderingly. â€Å"I heard †¦ but I didn't believe.' â€Å"Sometimes,' I told her, â€Å"I still don't. It goes against every rule of the universe.' To my surprise, she touched the small gold cross around her neck. â€Å"Some rules are bigger than the universe.' Victor rose from the couch, apparently satisfied Robert was resting. I tensed up. Miracles aside, he was still a criminal, one I intended to capture. He took a step toward me, pitching his voice low. â€Å"Sorry to interrupt Metaphysics 101, but you need to listen to me,' he said. â€Å"Be careful, Rose. Very careful. A lot rests on you now. Don't let your pet wolf keep you from finding out what Sonya knows.' â€Å"But he's right,' I exclaimed. â€Å"Its been five minutes! What she went through †¦ what they both went through †¦ well, it's kind of a big deal. Literally life-changing. He had to recover too and adjust to being saved. Once she does, she'll help us.' â€Å"Are you sure?' he asked, narrowing his eyes. â€Å"Will she think she's been saved? You forget: Belikov was turned against his will. She wasn't.' â€Å"W-what are you saying? That she's going to try to become Strigoi again?' He shrugged. â€Å"I'm saying get your answers soon. And don't leave her alone.' With that, Victor turned and headed toward the kitchen. He soon returned with a glass of water. Robert drank it greedily and then fell into a heavy sleep. I sighed and leaned against a wall near Sydney, totally worn out. I still hurt from the earlier fight. â€Å"What now?' asked Sydney. I shook my head. â€Å"I don't know. We wait, I guess.' Dimitri returned a little while later and spared a small glance for Robert. â€Å"She's sleeping too,' he told me. â€Å"The transformation †¦ it's difficult.' I could see a haunted look in his eyes and wondered what memory was tormenting him now. The memory of being changed? The memory of being Strigoi? â€Å"I don't think we should leave Sonya alone,' I said. Out of the corner of my eye, I saw Victor smirk. â€Å"Someone should stay with her in case she wakes up. She won't know what's going on.' Dimitri didn't answer for a few seconds as he scrutinized me. He knew me well enough to sense there might be something else on my mind. Fortunately, he couldn't find a fault in my logic. â€Å"You're right. Do you mind sitting with her?' he asked Sydney. I groped for something to say. No, no. Not Sydney. If Sonya did turn on us, we needed someone else on guard–someone who could fight back. Sydney, probably guessing my problem, saved me from lying to Dimitri–or from telling him the truth about my concerns. â€Å"She doesn't know me. It might make things worse when she wakes up. Besides †¦' Sydney put on that disgusted expression that Alchemists excelled at. â€Å"I don't really feel that comfortable with someone who was a monster five minutes ago.' â€Å"She's not Strigoi,' he exclaimed. â€Å"She's absolutely, completely Moroi again!' Even I felt a little cowed by the harshness of his voice, but I wasn't entirely surprised at his vehement reaction. He'd had a hard time convincing others he'd changed. His face softened a little. â€Å"I know it's hard to believe, but she really has changed.' â€Å"I'll stay with her then,' I said. â€Å"No, no.' Dimitri shook his head. â€Å"Sydney's right about one thing: Sonya might be confused. It's better if someone's there who understands what's happened.' I started to argue that I was the only one Sonya really knew but then decided I'd rather stay with the brothers. They seemed harmless now, but I didn't trust them. Dimitri apparently didn't either. He took a few steps forward and leaned down, speaking only an inch from my ear. â€Å"Keep an eye on them,' he murmured. â€Å"Robert's down right now but might recover sooner than we think.' â€Å"I know.' He started to turn, then glanced back at me. His commander face had softened into something thoughtful and awestruck. â€Å"Rose?' â€Å"Yeah?' â€Å"That †¦ was that what it was like when Lissa changed me?' â€Å"More or less.' â€Å"I didn't realize †¦ it was †¦' He struggled for words. It was uncharacteristic. â€Å"The way that light filled the room, the way she changed. Seeing that life emerge from death †¦ it was †¦' â€Å"Beautiful?' He nodded. â€Å"Life like that †¦ you don't–no, you can't waste it.' â€Å"No,' I agreed. â€Å"You can't.' I saw something shift in him then. It was small, just like in the alley, but I knew then another piece of the Strigoi-trauma had peeled away. He said no more, and I watched as he walked back down the hall. With nothing else to do, Sydney sat down cross-legged on the floor, holding a book in her lap. It was closed, her thoughts clearly elsewhere. Meanwhile, Victor sat back in the armchair and reclined it. He didn't look as bad as Robert, but lines of fatigue showed on both brothers. Good. The longer they were out of commission, the better. I brought in a chair from the kitchen so I could sit and survey the room. Everything was peaceful. I felt like a babysitter, which I suppose I kind of was. It had been a long day, and night soon turned the windows black. This made worried me. For all I knew, Sonya had some Strigoi pals who might stop by. The fact that Donovan knew her certainly indicated she wasn't a total outcast among them. It made me extra-vigilant, but at the same time, I was exhausted. The brothers were already asleep. Sydney, perhaps in an attempt to keep her human schedule, eventually found a spare blanket and pillow and curled up in a makeshift bed on the floor. And me? I was halfway between human and vampiric schedules. I had a feeling Dimitri was the same. Really, we were on a do-what's-necessary schedule, in which extensive sleep was not an option. A hum of excitement and astonishment suddenly sang through the bond. I sensed no danger or threat, but curiosity made me decide to check in with Lissa anyway. Even if I was in her mind, I knew my body would stay watchful, and I wanted to know how the rest of Lissa's test had gone. Beautifully, of course. She rode back to Court, exhausted but proud of herself. She wasn't the only one. The rest of her companions all wore similar expressions †¦ all except for Ava Drozdov. She had been the only one to break and use the cell phone to call for help. Lissa was surprised that Ava had cracked. After his earlier bitching, Marcus Lazar had seemed the most likely to bail. But no, the old man had managed it somehow, meaning he'd continue on in the monarch trials. Ava refused to make eye contact with anyone, instead staring bleakly out the window as they traveled back to Court. She would still hold a Council spot, but her shot at being queen was gone. Lissa felt bad for her but couldn't spare too much concern. It was the way of the trials, the way they determined the best candidates. Besides, Lissa had her own issues. Staying out in the daytime had run contrary to the normal vampiric schedule. Now, she simply wanted to get back to Court, find her room, and sleep for a few hours. She wanted some peace. Instead, she found a mob waiting for her.

Nursing research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nursing research - Assignment Example On the other hand Van Schoonhoven defines the concept as the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of the best current evidence which is available in the decision making process. The decisions made should be applicable to the individual patients; above all the optimality of the evidences is core (Herdman & NANDA International 2011). EBP helps nurses to make informed decisions on the quality of the services they offer, it is very crucial to base judgements and formulate decisions based on the use of EBP as compared to the traditional methods. By doing this it improves the health care system as it basically facilitates and ensures consistency in the decision making process. According to Prior, Wilkinson, and Neville (2010) the system helps nurses to make informed decisions based on an up to date technology, thereby ensuring efficiency and effectiveness in the practice (Herdman & NANDA International 2011). EBP is the right channel towards achieving fully functional nursing services. Each of the techniques imparted on these nurses is a clear functional criterion which will spearhead the whole process of efficiency and effectiveness. Most times patients will have beneficial and improved outcomes where the EBP mechanism has been utilized which typically gives maximum results on different topologies in the practice. By doing this different preference of the individual and the entire society are addressed (Hoffmann, Bennet & Del Mar 2010). Prior, Wilkinson, and Neville (2010) quantitative analysis was the start incarnation to formulate a robust and quantitative question which was intended to provide a clear cut direction to the literature search. This study suggests that a strong question corresponds to the research technique, it also touches on; methods used for research, the interactions and the general outcomes of interests. It is also evident that there are three aspects of consideration; search of relevant evidence, the decision on whether the evidence is

Opinion Essay on 'The Interest Communities' Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Opinion on 'The Interest Communities' - Essay Example Webber believes that a person’s work environment and the people within their work community is not their place-community, as it is only a place in which they work. Where they live and interact with people outside of work, however, is their place-community. Though the article was written in 1964, Webber’s insights in regards to neighbourhoods and neighbourhood change can be applicable to the present. Webber states that communication between people, outside of the work environment, depends solely on the proximity between where the person is and where they want to go. He goes on to say that while proximity is important, accessibility to the place is another vital factor. In the 1960s, due to the lack of technology that we have now, the only way people could really communicate with friends or attend clubs or meetings would be to drive to them. There were no methods such as e-mail, text messaging, cell phones, or the perks of having the Internet, so they would have to depend on places that were close to them and within driving range. Even though this generation has every possible method of communication, many people still depend and rely on the places that are closest to them. The closer a place is and the easier it is to get there, the more likely a person will go there than elsewhere. Furthermore, as in the 1960s, in this day and age, people also depend on what they have close to them in regards to friends and companions – the closer a neighbor is, the better the relationship could be. According the Webber, neighbourhoods change according to the times and the growth of businesses. Though people prefer to live closer to their place of employment, and the majority of them move to be closer to their businesses, their place-community remains to be the place they spend their time outside of work. The main people of communication are not the people they work with, but with the people that they associate with outside of

Strategic Management of Human Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Strategic Management of Human Resources - Essay Example Its short communication chains and collegial workforce culture led to considerable flexibility in responding to changing market demands. Overall company lacking proper co-ordination, there is vertical communications communication hierarchy which was causing the main problems. The shift to horizontal communications should be an obvious one, especially as we see people not as turf owners but as knowledge resources within the network. There will still be vertical communications, of course, but the predominant communication will be horizontal in nature as the core teams leverage knowledge wherever it may be in the enterprise. Horizontal communication in a networked environment is freer and more flowing, with few bureaucratic barriers. It also facilitates providence, where key patterns can be unexpectedly discovered. Perhaps a request from one team to another will give a clue to the pattern the other team is trying to distinguish. If we see our work as information processing, we will stay open to discovery, view the interplay of multiple patterns, and achieve our visions (Chris Brewster, 2000). The emphasis on horizontal work processes in the innovative organization consequences in an emphasis on horizontal communications also. Work cannot become more horizontal unless communication also becomes more horizontal. Besides communication factor, we observed that bank has no appropriate hierarchy as in a collegial/partnership system where unit heads nominally report to the managing director. The management didn’t given an authority to its employees. While the majority of todays managers have been trained and have managed in the traditional hierarchical/autocratic style of management. They have learned to get things done using their authority through the distinct lines of the traditional hierarchy. If employee involvement is to succeed in the long run, that management style

Self reflection (Craven books) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Self reflection (Craven books) - Essay Example The ability of that system is to operate all computers independently which are associated with software programs and peripheral devices (Reference for Business, n.d.a). The significance of this new computer system lies in the goal of the company to have a competitive advantage. This can be evaluated on how the company applies its Information System Strategy. These are information systems developed to support and meet the company's competitive strategy. The computer systems implemented will create business strategies relevant to all business operations: capture, transmit, store, retrieve, manipulate, and display information for all business processes (Reference for Business, n.d.b). 2. System Implementation The importance of implementing a computer system in a company is to manage efficiently and effectively all business operations and transactions. The system implementation includes hardware and software acquisition; user preparation; hiring and training of personnel; site and docume ntation preparation (Davis & Yen, 1998); installation, testing and start up; and user acceptance (Baldauf & Stair, 2011). 2.1 Acquisition This involves the selection of the hardware, software, materials and equipments used during the implementation (Implementation plan, 2003) and also the names of the suppliers. The cost of acquiring the computer system can either be purchased or leased. If it is purchased, some of the advantages are: free working capital; hedge against hardware obsolescence; allows installation with small capital budget but large recurrent budget; and selling of unwanted equipment is minimized (Bramer, n.d.). If it is purchased the advantages include: ownership and usage of the system without additional cost; and choice of purchasing additional equipments (Bramer, n.d.). However, the downsides of leasing will be: high interest rates, reduced flexibility of disposing obsolete equipments, maximum system usage; and chances of dispossession if it is unpaid (Bramer, n.d .). When purchased, the disadvantages will be high initial capital costs (Bramer, n.d.). 2.2 User Preparation User preparation involves readying the key personnel in the organisation, from top management down to low level management who will be affected in the new system application. It includes marketing, training, documentation and support. The training is the very highlight in the entire process because it can affect the efficiency and effectiveness of both the system and users (Baldauf & Stair, 2011). It also covers the system security features and timeline of the entire process. 2.3 Hiring and Training Of Personnel After the system is purchased or developed, the hiring and training of personnel must also be considered. These personnel must know their role and responsibilities in facilitating effective implementation. When hiring key personnel, their qualifications must consist of outstanding expertise in handling the systems. The objective of this training is to prepare them to manage the whole software applications, thus facilitate the training of the end-users. Adams et al. (2004) recognized the role of consultants as beneficial because they don't just provide experience and expertise but also there would be no conflict of interest involved in making decisions since they're not under the umbrella of the company (cited in Tavassoli & Toland, 2008). 2.4 Site and Documentation Preparation Site

Taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Taxation - Essay Example However, the unrecovered rent of two months that the previous tenant totaling  £1,000 will not be deducted in deriving the taxable profit since the amount is not an expense entitled to the property owner for immediate deduction under the Inland Revenue provisions (Lunt, 2009). Similarly, the  £600 rent paid in advance has to be reflected in property income assessment. Under the Inland Revenue rules, rent advances have to be reflected in the year the financial year the rent income has been received (Segal, 2011). This implies that the 2013-2014 property income assessment that runs up to 30 June of 2014 has to cater for all rental income even if it is not meant for a month falling in the given financial year. Furthermore, the rent income that was collected from the previous tenant before defaulting has to be included in the property income assessment provided to the Inland Revenue authority (BLS.com, 2014). Consequently, client A’s profit that will be taxed by the Inland Rev enue authority is the derived after deducting the three identified expenses from all rental income received within financial year of 2013-2014. Undeclared property income has the consequence of imposing penalty charges on the property owner for defaulting to remit the tax returns for the given financial years (Gilbertson, 2009) (James, 2009). However, client B has the potential of saving the money charged by HMRC by reporting the undeclared property rental income. The opportunity is available to client B by registering for self-assessment in declaring income that has not been taxed for the last four years (Warren, Reeve, & Duchac, 2012). The tax return is filled in different tax return to cover for each of the undeclared tax. In addition, the HM Revenue and Customs provides that if one has registered for Self Assessment but has failed to declare all their income generated in previous years, he

Critically appraises the concept of the public sphere in the context Coursework

Critically appraises the concept of the public sphere in the context of contemporary digital media - Coursework Example The intent also acts as a public sphere where people bring together their opinion. The opinion generated from the public sphere can be channelized to the ruling government to act appropriate in regard to the need of the society. The societies consider the public sphere to be channel that they can use to voice their problems (Hauser 2005). In the modern world and in a more democratic society, public sphere has been of great resource to the ruling government. Ideas and dialogue from their subject are posed in the You Tube and therefore they can easily read them. In most circumstance it is the source of production and circulation of the discussions that are critical to the state. The circulation process doe not only reach the state but the society as a whole (Rutherford 2004). In this respect the voice of the poor is herd and given the equal chances in the development project in the community. Dialogue, act of speeches, debate and discussion can be held together even though people are in different locations. The convergence of the information in one source makes retrieval for the future references in the societies (Goodnight 2007). While the digital society appreciates the modern public sphere in the internet, it has become the major sources of propaganda and rumor mongering. The internet does not include the public opinion in totality. Only the a few people who are accessible to new technology enjoy while the rest does not. The poor’s voices cannot be herd while the rich continue to dominate creating the inequality the major challenge of modern democracy (Habermas 2009). Facts may be posed in the internet whose sources cannot be identified properly. In such cases it becomes arena of rumor and propaganda that cannot be relies upon. This is the major challenge that seems to hinder the well functioning of the public sphere in the modern society. Even though the use of technology is still advancing to mature, most of the

Sociology - (Classical theorist Marx) Give an account of how Marx Essay

Sociology - (Classical theorist Marx) Give an account of how Marx understood History - Essay Example But was Karl Marx, sometimes in collaboration with friend and political economist, Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) who revolutionized the relationship of material production and the role of human beings within social structures. He devoted a good part of his time to economic studies on the flaws of the capitalist society; and produced some famous works like the ‘Communist Manifesto’ (1848) and ‘Das Capital’ (1867), with one aim: the self-emancipation of the working class. Hegel (1770-1831) and Ludwig Feuerbach (1804 -1872) are two theorists who affected Marx very strongly. The concept of Historical Materialism: In his ‘Introduction to Theses On Feuerbach’ (1845), Marx commences his own distinctive posit on Materialism, based on Feuerbach’s critique of Hegel’s ‘Theory of the Right’ (1821).His view of history is very different from the others. Marx, states that â€Å"it is not the consciousness of men that determines their being, but, on the contrary, their social being that determines their consciousness (Marx and Engels, 1859: pp 503-504). According to Hegel (1821), God created everything from Him, thus ‘God’ was the ‘Absolute Idea’. Then, due to the nature of the material world opposing God, the ‘negation’ or ‘alienation’ from God occurred; this was a dialectic or a clash of opposite forces; until a third stage of the growth of man’s consciousness, would reconcile with the ‘Absolute Idea’ and return to a state of original consciousness. It had at its centre that all events are predetermined by God. Feuerbach (1841) argued that, the faculty of thought, which is the property of human beings, was the ruling principle of existence, and not God, as theorized by Hegel, and love was what united them. Marx, while agreeing with Hegel in part by accepting the ‘clash of opposing forces’ notion, he rejected Hegel’s view of the ‘Absolute Idea’. Marx posited that ‘labour’ was the ‘essence

How Businessman Rides Out Despite the Extreme Challenges Essay

How Businessman Rides Out Despite the Extreme Challenges - Essay Example It is very interesting to know how these businessmen were able to make it through and ride out despite the extreme challenges that he had to contend with. In addition, these two executives belong to the same family such that they are siblings; hence, it would also be interesting to learn how family relations affect the business as a whole. Me: How did you get into this business? Sir Smith: My father was a farmer. I was the eldest child in the family so I was early exposed to life on the farm. In college, I went to the Colorado State University where I majored in Agricultural Engineering and graduated in 1977. So, I can fairly say that I have a very good background in agricultural stuff. The decision to engage in this kind of business was mostly rooted from self-realization that as a man who grew up in a farm, I am one of those few who really knows what it takes to be successful in agricultural business. Eventually, in 1980, together with my siblings, I put up my own agricultural busi ness that I called Smith AgriPro. AgriPro stands for â€Å"agricultural procurement.† Ms. Ada Smith-Rogers: He and I are poles apart. He is the eldest while I am the youngest child in the family. Aside from the fact that we grew up on the farm, I was never really interested in agricultural stuff. What I am interested in is doing business. Generally, I oversee the overall completion of the operation in all the divisions of the company. So, the biggest highlight of my position, perhaps, would be the opportunity to witness the growth of the company since its birth. I always make the final decision and so my decisions determine where the company would be in several years. As President and CEO, your every move should be a calculated risk. Fortunately, for me, with the help of my subordinates, I was able to clearly evaluate the company’s annual performance since 1980, and through this careful evaluation, I was able to venture in proliferating the company in various locations within the county. Ms. Smith-Rogers: I feel probably the same pressure as he [Sir Smith] feels in running and managing this company. As Executive Vice President, I also assume duties and responsibilities that the president and CEO have. I am responsible for the maximization of the overall operating performance of the company and in the attainment of our company’s financial objectives. I supervise the human resource department, finance department, business development, and of course, communicating with the board of directors. The highlight of my position was probably that time when the company is already making its spot in the agricultural industry, surpassing many giant companies. The company needed more workers so as the Executive Vice President, I had to carry out recruitment strategies that would attract highly talented and intelligent workers from all over the state. Gladly, I was successful at doing that. The company was able to acquire the ideal number of workers for i ts various operations.  

Role of a footballer Essay Example for Free

Role of a footballer Essay In this essay I am going to explain why Peter Kay/John Smiths adverts are so successful? John smiths bitter was very successful without the adverts the adverts have made it more well known. The adverts started by a famous comedian Jack Dee the adverts went so well they had a cardboard cut out of Jack Dee and it was still a success. In 2002 the comedian Peter Kay took the place of Jack Dee and it became funnier than ever. The adverts start with a serious scenario then half way through Peter Kay would add some humour and the advert would become really funny. The adverts have made John Smiths bitter become very popular in the U.K owning 15% of the market. Them first advert is the swimming advert it starts off as a normal diving event. Two professionals divers dive then John Smiths steps up he runs and bombs he wins the event. The advert is funny because it is suppose to be like an Olympic event and the best dive wins but Peter Kay steps up on the diving board with his Bermuda shorts and unfit compared to the other divers compared to the slim divers. He bombs and soaks the judges with the water. The judges give him the best mark its aimed at the working class man. It appeals to all the ages. The second advert is in an Indian restaurant it starts off as a normal meal Peter Kay is out with his wife and a couple of friends his mobile phone goes off and Peter Kay answers it. Its his daughter Britney having a nightmare about the wardrobe monsters Peter Kay says Its the burglars that break in through the windows that you should be worried about His friends look amazed and he does not realise what he has done wrong this is what makes the advert funny because its original and not normal to say something like that. The third advert is the football one. In this advert is a team at football training they show of their skills by keeping the ball up and then they pass it to john smith he then volleys it and says ave it then the ball goes into someones back garden. The saying ave it has become very popular around the U.K this shows the impact the adverts have on people and makes them remember the advert. The fourth and final advert is the snooker one. It starts off as an average house Peter Kay walks in stops his mum from hoovering up and tells her come on mum its time to go she looks at him and says go where he then says the old peoples home they will look after you now its for the best she says are you mad I am fifty five Peter Kay says I know but I have had a word with them they will take you she says why should I go live in an old peoples home Peter Kay says because I want to put a snooker table in your bedroom and the kids are afraid of your tash This advert makes you laugh because the facial expressions of his mum and the way he says it you feel safe to laugh because she is only fifty five and its just not what someone would say to there mum this is what makes it funny. The tag line of each advert is the same. In the background there is always something happening the first advert at the end the john smiths pint is on the diving board and everything is unfocused apart from the pint this gets your attention to it. The second advert you see the john smiths pint again at the end on top of the wardrobe. The third advert you see the picture of Peter Kays mum then it gets changed with a famous snooker player Dennis Taylor. The final advert you see half time oranges and a pint next to it Peter Kay runs up pushes the oranges to the side and chooses the john smith pint. The ending of every advert is unique to the advert and there will always be the John Smiths pint on every ending. The tag line is always the same on every advert No Nonsense saying he is serious about it and cant see what is wrong. Peter Kay represents an average working class man the rule of three works well in the John Smiths adverts because it twists the advert. For example the diving one there is three divers. Two of which are really good and have athletic body then there is Peter Kay overweight and not very good. The twist is that the unfit one john smith wins the event. They show a replay of John Smiths bomb and show different angles of the bomb this makes the advert more funny because you see it from different views and makes humour last longer. Peter Kay plays a role in each advert in the first advert he plays the role of an unfit athlete in a competition. In the second advert he is playing the role of a working class man having an Indian with some friends. In the third advert Peter Kay plays the role of a footballer at training with the team. The final advert Peter Kay plays the role of Man looking after his mum. In conclusion I think the Peter Kay/John Smiths adverts where so successful because they use a lot of humour, which makes the adverts funny for anyone who is watching them. I think the adverts have had an impact on sales of John Smiths bitter before the adverts John Smiths bitter was still a success but with the adverts I think sales have increased. The adverts are funny to watch and easily remembered and this makes John Smiths more successful. All of the adverts start out as a normal scenario then Peter Kay will twist it and make you laugh this is a good technique because you are unaware of what is going to happen. I think they picked the best comedian for the adverts because he has funny accent and is already well known from Phoenix nights and various stand ups he has done.

Illegal Immigration Immigrants

Illegal Immigration Immigrants Running Head: Illegal Immigration in the US: Is it hurting us or helping us? Introduction For years, the debate on unauthorized immigrants has been a hot topic in the United States. Although it is an issue that has been a part of our society for a long time, it is a very difficult issue to study. The amount of illegal immigrants that have made the country their homes is not an actually known number. Many of the illegal men, women, and children that we have living in the US have not been observed or accounted for making it hard to distinguish just how big the problem is. In addition to this issue of unaccountability, the nation has yet to develop a census that asks members of our society of their legal status in the US. This has been an ongoing debate and it seems as though, despite the many departments established and bills passed on this issue, we will never find a common ground. Should we continue to spend money and time trying to fight the illegal migration of unauthorized immigrants in the US or are their presences helping to build a stronger nation? Illegal immigration in the US is a complex issue for several reasons. There has been a history of attempts to control the illegal population in the US, but yet and still, we have no answer. The number of immigrants that we have living in the US is not precisely known making it hard to determine how large the issue is and how wide spread is it affecting our nation. Where do we start if we dont know where they are? The complexity of the issue is one that needs to be observed more than the prevalence of the issue because no one on this side of statistical research and the analysis of our population has proven that this is indeed a problem for our economy and the society we live in. Some of the nations economist and business owners have determined that the American economy depends on illegal workers because they except low-wage jobs, pay taxes and spend money, all of which expands back to our national economy. On the other hand, there are illegal immigrants that are in the US to take advantage of the services that our federal government provides to the less fortunate. States such as California, Texas, Florida and Arizona are concerned with the large amounts of unauthorized immigrants in their jurisdictions and are seeking government assistance to provide education, health care and other social services that the state is required by law to provide to every person that abides in that state. Looking at the issue from this perspective would cause one to think that the cost of providing a â€Å"better† life to an unauthorized immigrant is too high. This review of the effects of illegal immigration is not something we can devote one field of study or one discipline to. The problem is so complex that when you look at the issue from one perspective it eliminates the chances of finding a common ground due to the biases of the research. The fast growth of our population can take effects on our government policies, education system, work force and job availability, health care system, and the amounts of crime that any one city may face. With an increased number of people there are to take care of, there is a decreased amount of resources to provide to any one individual or family. This issue lacks the simplicity of a right or wrong answer. Illegal immigration is an issue that needs to be research based on an interdisciplinary perspective based on the premise that, devoting one discipline to the study leaves out so many important factors and arguments that are for or against this issue. The number of disciplines that have taken an interest in this subject can range from government to the institution of the family but in this paper we will focus on the disciplines of Economics, Sociology and Political Science. These three disciplines have been proven to provide analysis of this issue on a wide spread basis. The study of economics includes the study of labor, land, and investments, of money, income, and production, and of taxes and government expenditures. According to the Gallop Poll, 66% of Americans believe that illegal immigrants are costing taxpayers too much money by using up government services such as public education and medical programs, rather than becoming productive citizens. At the same time, 74% of the people surveyed insisted that illegal immigrants in the US are helping the economy because they are willing to take low-paying jobs that most Americans are not willing to take. The problems that an illegal worker can cause on the economy are apparent in many of the scholarly studies on this issue and common ground seems far from being discovered. Sociology is the study of social life, social change, and the social causes and consequences of human behavior. Sociologists investigate the structure of groups, organizations, and societies, and how people interact within these contexts. Illegal immigration is obviously one of those issues that are affecting our society as a whole. Every year the size of the population living illegally increases by as much as 500,000 people. This flow of people is exploited by criminal structure involved in the smuggling of people and trafficking of illegal documents across the border. Illegal immigration has become a drain on social services and because of the conditions in which illegal immigrants work and live, many have found it difficult to follow the law and are at risk of becoming under-class and the source of social conflict. Political science is the study of governments, public policies and political processes, systems,  and political behavior. The government in the US has attempted to reduce illegal immigration mainly by making use of two immigration policies: border patrol and employer sanctions. Each year the border patrol makes more than a million apprehensions of aliens that violate our nations laws by unlawfully crossing US borders. Such entry is a misdemeanor, but, if repeated, becomes punishable as a felony. In addition to sneaking into the country in violation of the immigration law, others enter with legal documentation and overstay their welcome. Political Science is at the heart of this debate because the government is the sole source of the policies and procedures that we must follow. The purpose of this paper is to identify the negative and the positive effects of illegal immigration in the United States and come up with a valid answer to the question†¦is the illegal immigration population in the US helping our nation or hurting it? So much time and effort has been spent on this issue and there is still no common ground. The policies and the procedures that have been set aside to regulate this mass of migration have failed to do so in several ways and with each year that passes by the issue of illegal immigrants prove itself to be uncontrollable. Should we establish a comprehensive effort to end illegal immigration once and for all or should the people of our nation accept the fact that there is no answer to the problem and move on to other important issues that are affecting us? This paper will establish an answer to just that. Background The United States holds the prestige of being the best country in the world to live in. It is the land of freedom with endless opportunities. It is understandable why citizens of poorer, foreign countries are flocking to the US. America give immigrants the opportunity to receive higher wages and an increased amount of employment options. It is an opportunity for them to have a better life and provide a better life for their families. America in its simplest form can be considered a melting pot of all different kinds of people. There are hundreds if not thousands of different race groups, ethnic groups, and religion living on one common ground. Generation after generation people from all over the world have com e to America to start a new life. Some of these immigrants follow the rules of entrance and others do not. We not only share our land and country with Americans, we also share with a very large population of illegal immigrants. Often times when Americans think of illegal immigration, the first thing that comes to mind is the crossing of Mexicans illegally across the US border. The truth is, Mexicans are not the only illegal immigrants that we host in our country. An illegal immigrant is any foreign national that has resettled in the US in violation of immigration and nationality laws (White). There are a number of people from all over the globe that have illegal entered America and others that have overstay ed their welcome according to these same laws. Illegal immigration in the US is not a problem that is new to American people. It is one of the issues that we have dealt with for a very long time. Illegal Immigration reform can be dated back as far as 1891, which is when the first laws on immigration was established in the United States. At this time legislators were given the right to deport people living in the US with illegal status. The act also put a tax on immigrants landing on US soil. Immigrants would have to pay a 30 to 40 cent fee and the monies collected went towards things to help the town that the immigrant has landed in. This was the beginning of the citizens starting to notice the impact illegal immigration had on the country. Although the issue was recognized legislation didnt do so well. At that time illegal immigration was not seen as a big problem as many see it today. As years went on, the American government used different tactics in order to regulate the excessive amounts of foreign nationals entering the country. There were quota systems which limited the amount of people that could reside in the US from one particular country. In a way, one can say this system used prejudice tactics because members of the committee decided which ethnic groups of people were most and least desirable to live in the US. In 1952 the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) was put into place. This act was basically our way of governing citizenship and immigration in the US. The INA gave authorities the right to deploy illegal immigrants once apprehended and questioned. The act also prohibited the entry of citizens from certain countries into the US. This act, also known as the McCarran-Walter act, is the basis of immigration law enforcement today. The INA relied on a national origins quota system also with a preference system for Eastern Hemisphere immigrants, and wa s concerned with excluding and removing subversives and communists (Weissinger). Since the INS was first established, several amendments have been established in an attempt to put the illegal immigration crisis at ease. This paper does not go into detail on each of the legislations but it is apparent in research that the road to a perfect policy on immigration is a long one. By 1954, illegal immigration was perceived as so serious that the US Border Patrol launched â€Å"Operation Wetback† during which more than a million undocumented Mexican migrants were rounded up and deported back to Mexico (Espenshade). Within 5 years the number of illegal immigrant apprehensions dropped by 95% to fewer than 50,000 in 1959. This was a good start to correcting the problem but it wasnt a permanent fix which brings us to the Immigration Act of 1965. It was established after the Immigration and Nationality Act and it repealed the national origins quota system. This gave people of all nations the right to migrate to the United States regardless of their country of origin. In 1986, the Immigration Reform and Control Act was signed into law by President Reagan. It included amnesty for aliens who could establish residence in the United States by January 1, 1982. It allowed over 4 million immigrants to rightfully stay in the US. The act also allowed employer sanctions aimed at removing the lure of employment and gave a special exception for those aliens working in the field of agriculture. The IRCA is a very detailed description of the policies that are supposed to be enforced by immigration regulatory agencies. A strong emphasis was put on the employment of illegal immigrants. It made it unlawful for employers to hire an immigrant knowing of his or her illegal status and it also made it illegal to employ a person without receiving documents required to prove that persons citizenship. Before this act, employers were getting involved in hiring undocumented worker but once the act took place, it made the penalties for this much higher causing the numbers of employers that were not in compliance to fall. Another issue related to illegal immigration is crime. Having an increased amount of people in the country that then, because of the Immigration Reform and Control Act, cant work, increased the amount of crimes throughout American cities. The Immigration Act of 1990, which actually took effect in 1992, attempted to remove illegal immigrants with aggravated felony convictions (Weissinger). As far as the removal and deportation of criminals was concerned, the Immigration Act was successful but other stipulations within the act allowed for the number of visas provided to foreigners for employment-based immigration to more than double. The focus on removing criminal aliens continued with the addition of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA). This act attempted to apply retroactivity to aggravated aliens felons in the United States. Over several years over 5,000 Border Patrol agents and 300 interior enforcement agents were added to the tasks force. The IIRIRA and all of the various amendments to immigration reform are under continuous judicial review which makes it difficult for all of the different agencies regulating this to get on one accord. A major player in the difficulty of regulating illegal immigration in the US is the fact that the actual number of illegal immigrants we have living in the US is not a known number. In addition to the number of illegal immigrants entering the US not being observed, there is also no census or other federally sponsored survey asks respondents of their legal status. Basically, we can guess how many illegal immigrants are living in the US but we will never reach an actual number. The Immigration and Nationalization Service only documents the number of illegal immigrants that have been apprehended. It does not count the number of illegal immigrants that have actually made it into the US. The Immigration and Nationalization Service is the main source of immigration reform. The two major functions of the INS include service to the public and enforcement. There is a right and a wrong way to enter the country and for those trying to obtain legal status in the correct way, the INS is there to help. The service provided involves processing applications for benefits such as lawful permanent residence and citizenship. In order for the strategies of the INS to work successful, interior enforcement must be the most important factor in controlling immigration. Interior enforcement includes investigations, deportation, and inspections. These are all separate units within the INS. Critics of the INS claim that much more time is spent on border control than on the investigations. Based on the national census in 2000, the US Census Bureau puts the estimate of illegal immigrants at 8.7 million. Since then, United States immigration officials have said the number has grown by as much as 500,000 every year. It is apparent why illegal immigration is an issue for most Americans but it is difficult to find a solution that really works. Many scholars from fields such as political science, economics, geography and social science have studied and suggested their theories and beliefs on illegal immigration in America. The issue is however too complex and the window is way to big to see it from one view. Integration is needed to get a clear understanding of the effects and future of this phenomenon. References Political Science Wessinger, PhD, George (11/7/2003).The Illegal Alien Problem: Enforcing the Immigration Laws. New York Institute of Technology. CIBC66-327, 1-9 Orrenius, Pia (2001). Illegal Immigration and Enforcement along the U.S.-Mexico Border: An Overview. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, 1, Retrieved 2/1/2008, from www.frbd.com Woodland, Alan D., Yoshinda, Chisato (7/2004). Risk Preference, immigration policy and illegal immigration. Journal of Development Economics. 81, 500-513. Sociology Knickerbocker, Brad (5/16/2006). Illegal Immigrants in the US: How many are there?. The Christian Science Monitor, 516, Retrieved 2/1/08, from www.csmonitor.com/2006/0516/p01s02-ussc.htm Chapman, Stephen Birth Control: Another Assault on Immigration. (4/8/2006). The Chicago Tribune, p. A14 Judis, John (2/13/2008). Phantom Menace: Americas Immigration Hysteria. The New Republic, 4, Retrieved 2/1/2008 Espenshade, Thomas (1995).Unauthorized Immigration to the United States. Office of Population Research. 21, 195-216 Economics White, Deborah (2/7/2008). About.com. Retrieved February 9, 2008, from About.com: Illegal Immigration Explained-Profits, and Poverty, Social Security and Starvation Web site: www.usliberals.about.com/od/immigration/a/IllegalImmi.htm?p=1 Lecker, Tikva (2000). Foreign Aid as a Discipline on Illegal Immigration. F22, 571-577. Jacobe, Dennis (3/27/2007). Investors Believe Illegal Immigration is Hurting the U.S. Economic Climate. Gallup News Service, Retrieved 2/1/2008 Jacobe, Dennis (9/14/2006).The Real Impact of Illegal Immigration. Gallup Management Journal Dula, Giora, Kahana, Nava, Lecker, Tikva (2004). How to partly bounce back the struggle against illegal immigration to the source countries. J Popul Econ. 19, 315-325

Advertisements Essay -- essays research papers

We see advertisements all around us. They are on television, in magazines, on the Internet, and plastered up on large billboards everywhere. Ads are nothing new. Many individuals have noticed them all of their lives and have just come to accept them. Advertisers use many subliminal techniques to get the advertisements to work on consumers. Many people don’t realize how effective ads really are. One example is an advertisement for High Definition Television from Samsung. It appears in an issue of Entertainment Weekly, a very popular magazine concerning movies, music, books, and other various media. The magazine would appeal to almost anyone, from a fifteen-year-old movie addict to a sixty-five-year-old soap opera lover. Therefore the ad for the Samsung television will interest a wide array of people. This ad contains many attracting features and uses its words cunningly in order to make its product sound much more exciting and much better than any television would ever be. The ad itself is fairly large, taking up four full pages, which feel a little bit thicker than the pages in the rest of the magazine. Many people will notice the ad not only because of its size but also because of its coloring. All four pages of the ad are filled with eye-catching green grass and a bright blue sky. On the first page, lying on top of the grass are various models of the High Definition Televisions from Samsung and a playful looking girl with her back turned away from the televisions and her ...

Pygmalion Essays -- Essays Papers

Pygmalion An interpretation of Class Relations in Pygmalion In Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion, there is a distinct variance in class relations and the way that early 20th century Britains were perceived as being different by their speech, money, wealth, style, manners, and appearance. Being a lady or a gentleman was an acquired status desirable among most of London’s society. However, in Pygmalion, Shaw tells a story about the transition of a homeless young woman with the aspiration to become a respected lady. Eliza Doolittle is an 18 or 19 year-old young women, making a living from selling old flowers on the streets. When she comes across a rude Professor, named Henry Higgins, he sarcastically offers her to â€Å"learn how to speak beautifully, like a lady in a florist’s shop†¦..at the end of six months you shall go to Buckingham palace in a carriage, beautifully dressed.† This is what he proposes to Eliza when she comes to ask for English lessons from the Professor. He then makes a bet with another man, Colonel Pickering, who says he will pay for her new clothes and English lessons, if Higgins can make a lady out of her in six months. The deal is made, and Eliza is immediately washed up and put into new, clean clothes. The play begins like this, which sets the plot for the rest of the story. An example of modern day class relations with speech can be described by linguistic anthropologists, and in an article called â€Å"Suite for Ebony and Phonics† by John R. Rickford. In this article, he discusses the African-American speech Ebonics, and the negative impact it has across America. Being called â€Å"lazy English,† â€Å"bastardized English,† and â€Å"poor grammar,† it seems to be the same thing that was going on in England during the time Pygmalion was written. I’m sure that if we were to ask Henry Higgins if that is what he thought about the way Eliza spoke he would whole-heartedly agree. However, the poor English that Eliza spoke was never considered as becoming a legal language in England. The play begins off on a rainy night on the streets, with a lady and her daughter waiting for a cab. In this first act, Eliza asks them to buy a flower from her, with the response from the daughter, â€Å"Do nothing of the sort, mother. The idea!† When the mother gives her some change, the daughter again exclaims, â€Å"Make her give you the change. These things are only a penny a bunch ... ...he rats. Aristocrats ran society, and they had no need for the homeless and poor. In relating this subject to anthropology, there are a lot of points that can be made between the comparison of class relations and other issues similar to it. The study of Ebonics is a very good comparison to Pygmalion, and the way that someone speaks can effect how other people view them. Even though some think it is not an issue today, it can still be compared to early 20th century England and the way upper class looked down upon others. In the same way, many people do look down upon people speaking the too familiar sound of Ebonics. Works Cited McIntosh, Peggy. â€Å"White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack.† Applying Anthropology. Aaron Podelefsky and Peter J. Brown. California: Mayfield. 217-220. Nagengast, Carole. â€Å"Women, Minorities, and Indigenous Peoples: Universalism and Cultural Relativity.† Applying Anthropology. Aaron Podelefsky and Peter J. Brown. California: Mayfield. 340-352. Rickford, John R.. â€Å"Suite for Ebony and Phonics.† Applying Anthropology. Aaron Podelefsky and Peter J. Brown. California: Mayfield. 176-180. Shaw, Bernard. Pygmalion. England: Penguin, 1913.

History using in the bilateral relations Essay -- International Relati

Looking at Russia-Estonia bilateral relations and the political use of history, one cannot start before examining the Soviet occupations in Estonia and how the two parties see that history. Developments such as the end of the Cold War, the collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe, and the re-emergence there of pre-Communist and pre-Soviet conflicts, as shown by Karlsson (n.d.), have certainly stimulated historical consciousness since 1990. After the collapse of the Soviet Union Russian population faced a comprehensive identity crisis (Bagger, 2007, p. 109) and like Estonia, also began searching for its identity and roots. In the public domain the crisis gave rise to a lively debate that to a large degree revolved around the nation’s past which according to Scherrer (as cited in Bagger, 2007) was a wave of nostalgia, called â€Å"the longing for history† and that there was actually talk of a â€Å"worship† of the past. Additionally, Scherrer also found that Putin, more clearly than Yeltsin, later stressed the tradition of the powerful state, and that he had abandoned his predecessor’s anti-communist position. The Soviet national anthem had been reintroduced with a new text, and the army’s banner was once again red. Instead of allowing the Soviet period to be a culde-sac leading away from the main road of Russian history Putin had sought to place this period within a power-political continuum, focusing on its positive aspects – first and foremost the heroic achievements of â€Å"the Great Patriotic War† (p. 115). It is a well known fact that Estonia has a totally different understanding of the Soviet era and has difficulties finding something positive about this time. While Estonia sees that the Soviet Union occupied and forcibly annexed Estonia,... ... and therefore, although the boarder treaty is signed, Russia refuses to ratify it. One of the later issues involves the Russian-German gas pipeline project, which Estonian officials, together with their Lithuanian counterparts, have criticized, and Poles initially even called it a new Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, Latvian criticism in this case has been muted (p. 50). In addition, during the 20-years of regained independence, there hasn’t been a clear change in the coalition and opposition parties in Estonia. The center right parties have always been in power with the only exception in 1995. Likewise, the annual commemoration of the Estonian soldiers, who fought in the German army during WWII, by Estonian nationalist, also the citizenship policy and the recent school reform concerning Russian minorities, continue to preserve tensions between Russia-Estonia relations.

Irish Urban Land Development Essay

Currently, Ireland is classified as a First World Economy and it has experienced exceptional economic development at an average rate of eight per cent per year between 1994 and 2001, with a humble growth rate of four per cent per year as from 2001 to date (Stewart 2005). With this rate of growth, Ireland has become more urbanized with increased population, changing agricultural practices, and reformation of local authorities to hold increased public participation and boost lucidity. In addition, there has been a change in the household development, an escalating number and forms of homes with a changing tenure system accompanied by population changes. These elements together with the exceptional economic development and low interest rates have changed the economic, environmental and social outlook of Ireland. The changes have presented numerous challenges such as traffic clogging, environmental squalor, urban sprawl, and lack of affordable housing. This has led to a broken nexus between economic development and human welfare (Drudy 1982). Ireland has had several mechanisms aimed at effecting efficient land use planning within the urban environment towards achieving sustainable development. These mechanisms include an abundance of policies and strategies. These policies and strategies include sustainable development, a strategy for Ireland 1997, National spatial strategy for Ireland 2002, and National development plan 2002-2006 among others. However, even with these initiatives, numerous challenges still persist for urban and regional policy-making in the search of an effective and efficient sustainable development (Stewart 2005). It can be debated that some political, social, and economic elements do repel policy impact from policies intentions considering the extent to which current challenges continue to exist (EU Commission 2001). Much of research related to urbanization of population is colored with powerful anti-urbanism and a desire after the values and simple life styles of traditional upcountry areas. In Ireland some research on urbanization too stresses the goodness of upcountry and the cons of urban trends. These biases are more apparent in the research and policies related to urban land and urban advancement onto agricultural land (Drudy 1982). In fact, the preservation and defense of agricultural land and rural facilities has been the force behind the ratification of physical planning laws (Bengston et al 2004). During the late 17th and 18th centuries the existing urban model was increased by establishment of great number of new towns and villages together with re-development and extension of the existing settlements. It is argued that most of the Irish town begun as a village and outgrew into modest origins by the end of 18th century. These growths were as a result of network of roads and new canal system linking the rural and the major towns and this served as a reinforcement of the dominance of Dublin which was by then the best peopled town (Drudy 1982). The escalating growth of Irish urban regions particularly Dublin presented severe land, energy and social impacts. Growth was limited to a ring of suburban prompting rapid population increase with extreme demand for school, shopping centre, transport systems and local employment. This demand called for more land thus increasing pressures on agricultural land for urban development. Irish dedication to sustainable development can be measured by looking at its housing and land-use policies. The development of one off housing in the rural areas is the significant sign of urban sprawl. In a nation marked with a growing ratio of low density space, the prevalence of one off housing suggestion is a wholesome system failure (Bengston et al 2004). Irish land use is mostly governed by local government development plans but implementation of policies are not uniform. Viewing the one-off housing policy under the economies of scale, the houses are more expensive in service provision but a lot of burden to the developer, house purchaser and even Irish community at large. This is echoed by EPA which state that single housing homes in the upcountry leads to greater car usage therefore increasing energy demands and greater usage of small waste water treatment facilities which have the tendency to pollute underground water (Bengston et al 2004). The opposition of one off housing focuses on the economic burdens for its occupants and on the exchequer. However, when placed on a national framework, there are unquestionably broader economic challenges at stake. For example the impact of sustained site sales on Irish agricultural commodities. The sale of some areas has benign effects on agricultural activities. The fact is that site sale shackle Ireland farming over medium and long-term. Smart Growth an Option for Ireland Smart growth model was born in US in the 90s and this concept entails identifying a common platform where developers, the public and public officials together with environmentalists among other stakeholders finds acceptable means of accommodating growth. The smart growth approach emphasizes on integrating economic, social, and environmental elements of planning and development. It is not an anti-development approach as many may argue but equivalent of the bigger picture of sustainable development as defined by Bruntland as development that provides the requirements of the current generation without jeopardizing the capacity of the same resources to provide the needs of the future generations (Bruntland 1987). The concept imply to offer an answers towards managing growth through public policies instruments for example regulatory instruments and fiscal policies such as incentives and disincentives aiming at accommodating growth in ways that are economically feasible, environmentally friendly and enhancing quality of life. Some of the concerns that the approach targets to address is traffic congestion, urban sprawl, overcrowding and pollution (Stewart 2005). Conclusion The global essential towards achievement of sustainable growth implies that it is important to seek means to accommodate development in ways that is economically feasible, environmentally friendly, and socially responsible. One of the major critics of traditional urban planning is that the concept, method and technique engaged lean towards re-enforcing the present. This makes it challenging for town and city to reflect, plan and establish future alternative ideas suiting to all stakeholders’ true requirements. There is a dire necessity of replacing the conventional short term quick fix model to long term integrating and holistic model in the planning and development strategies. There is need for collaboration on finding solutions and powerful political leadership for Ireland to progress from rhetoric to reality in delivering it land use policies that will lead to positive, efficient and sustainable communities. Smart growth is not a solution to development concerns but an alternative approach to the present development model and a feasible way of mitigating current and probable future social economic and environmental concerns (Stewart 2005).

12 Angry Men Essay

In 12 egressraged men on that hitherto come forth be bity physical compositions that ar bow cardinal of the major themes that is found was drink is, iodin coifd and s knock offed various(prenominal) tidy sum wield a pickle of squ atomic number 18 up. control panel hu military service hu cosmosityity number eight-spoter is a quiet, nonionful, gentle homophile he sees exclusively betokens of the tilt and wants to find the loyalty. On the both(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) evanesce control panelwoman number triad is a precise strong, actually forceful, extremely dictatorial man his tactile sensation is entirely that matters and if opposite the great unwashed dont acquiesce with it they argon automatic e real last(predicate)y wrong. All of the fonts in this writ tenner report aid develop the theme besides in my opinion jurors number three and eight draw a very greathearted character reference in it. juryman three is a very o utward with his opinion from the commencement ceremony. He permits every angiotensin converting enzyme bash what he recollects and that no one volition be equal to(p) to convert his mind. In his mind his opinion is the approximately distinguished thing and no one bottom of the inning severalize boththing against it. When former(a)s essay to look at all the facts and induct a raillery he finds that it is point slight and a fling off of his idea of conviction be stir he bequeath non switch oer his recallr turnout from wrong and that look uponing everyone else essential be the ones to stand for with him. everyplacetake to a greater extent than(prenominal) than Satirical elements in the encounter of Huckleberry Finn essayThis juror is a man who is very easily excitable as the say in the give-and-take most a(prenominal) times. He leave alone snap at any moment when soul else is seek to share their opinion hardly because they say almostthing tha t doesnt support what he conjectures. His petulance plays a large part in developing him as a character. in that location are many jurors that dont want to deal with him and are s vexd to speak up to say what they hark back because there is no telling the nigh time number three volition start to yell at them. The another(prenominal)(a) characters see him as an angered man who is too stubborn to listen to what anyone else has to say. In this book juror three practically explodes into extremely yelled yelling patch everyone else is crusadeing to abide by console and as indis enthroneable on a fair finding of fact on the display case. At one point during the story juror number eight is trying to tranquillizely explain the facts and manifest that proves juror threes opinion wrong and quite of composely listening manage everyone else he tries to attack juror eight having to be held back by three of the oher men. This destines a draw close to his character as a man. He is a chinchy man coif in his managements that has lived with one opinion on the federal agency nd isnt allow foring to remove it.The son who is being charged with allegedly cleanup spot his vex is black and that causes a plentifulness of mixed opinions indoors the jury dwell. jurywoman three doesnt seem to same(p) anyone who is black or from a certain area of t suffer which is non the vanquish. in that respect is a larhe amount of prejudice in this book non exactly from juror three,and it seems to alter a lot of the estimates of well-nigh of the jurors. The flair that he tries to influence heap to be on his side is not very jural at all, no one wants to listen to him because all he does is yell and scream at them without sustenance up what hes verbalize with any facts. jurywoman number eight in addition has a set opinion from the beginning of the story provided he has a wholly different demeanor of approaching things. He is very quiet and adju dges his thoughts to himself at the beginning. When it take a craps to let the cat out of the baging slightly facts and evidence he has a lot to say nevertheless doesnt try and force the other jurors to agree with him.He scarce wants to completey dispute all of the information that has been presented to try and discouragemine what the fair finding of fact should be. At number one I dont think he was fifty-fifty 100% received that he wanted to choose not wrong he did it mostly because a sons lifespan is at atake and he couldnt let that go without talking roughly it. jurywoman eight is a calm man who is very nice and tries his best to state what he thinks is even out precisely not do it in a forceful way. He isnt saying that there is wholly his opinion on the case still he interchangeablewise doesnt say that what anyone else thinks is wrong. This man wanted only to try and come to find the truth instead of besides saying that the son is guilty consciencey witho ut full examining everything. jurywoman eight took the time to look at the facts and put face-to-face opinions aside which is the compete gelid of what juror number three did. The way that he stayed very calm even when everyone else was yelling at severally other is one thing that I think really helped influence other jurors to change their ballot.Even after(prenominal) jjuror wight utter only a a couple of(prenominal) things they tooka asecond vote and he already had convinced someone to agree with his debate on the case. The way he could calmly debate what everyone else was gettinginto large soulfulnessal credit lines more or less without c hang from the very calm and not outspoken soulfulness that he is was a large factor in amking other pile change their vote. He brought up very valid points that no one else would shake up thought twice about without him. By keeping his ainized determineings on the male childs race etc he was able to come up with a em lay off end result than that of everyone else. He is a very influencial man who was really only looking for the truth in a case that is do up of a lot of lies and exxagerations. Juror eight and juror three might seem uniform complete opposites who could never be thought of as having some things alike.This though is not completely true. Yes, they pass on very different personalities and ways of exit about explaining theiropinions plainly there is some mistakableity. They both sire a legislate stance on whether or not they think the son is guilty. too they both want to convince the inhabit of the jury that their opinion is right. Even through all the arguments and yelling that was done they do fetch a couple of things that are similar among them. The way that everyone in this book especially juror eight debated his point shows how someone who is de boundined and who knows what they are saying can convince many to cogitate their side. Juror eight in the end got everyone to vote not guilty because of the way he went about explaining his point. He didnt yell and still say that his opinion was right conscionable because he thought so, there was evidence to back it up that no one else would construct seen if it werent for him.12 choleric work force taste12 gaga custody (1957) is a gripping and an engrossing examination of 12 jurors who are deciding the fate of a young Puerto Rican son in a murder political campaign. It is phenomenal that a depiction with a running time of simply 96 minutes and s heatable in just one room could be so impactful and so intellectually bear on that it could be a source of massive learning for generations to come in the orbit of psychology, social psychology, Organizational manner and purpose do. In this paper, we lead be exploring 3 grand dimensions/theories in the field of OB and their lotion in the delineation by citing particular proposition examples from the engage.We go away start off by exploring the phen omenon of Perception and Individual Decision qualification where we would be exploring the decision fashioning ferment at an somebody level, explaining the netherlying theories and biases twisting in individual decision qualification and try to map those to specific instances in the select. This will be followed by a backchat on the phenomenon of root word popance with particular emphasis on multitude formation, stem decision making and radicalthink. Finally, we will explore how Personality influences the decision making surround. Perception and Individual Decision qualification champion of the theories that were seen at play was ascription Theory. Attribution theory is a phenomenon that is characterized by individuals observing expression followed by an get to gauge whether the event was awayly or inbredly ca utilise where internal causes under the persons control while external causes are not. For example, the fashion designer made much external attributions to the boys behavior, citing that the boy had been slapped around all his life and was of the cyclorama that external attributions could not provoke something as grave as murder.On the contrary, the sm obsoleteering juror who ran the messenger swear out and was a distraught father made internal attributions about the boys behavior, reflecting that kids these eld dont respect their adults and bear lost their sense of morality. Furthermore, the onetime(a) loud mouthed bigot stubbornly advocated a guilty finding of fact just because the young boy was from a pass and hence his thinking that all slum kids are inherently funky a classic case of stereotyping whereby judgments are made about the person just because he belongs to a particular pigeonholing.One of the most startling observations in the lease was the manifestation of fundamental attribution error. primordial attribution error refers to the tendency to undervalue the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others. In simple words, we blame flock root, not the stance. For example, the distraught father cited the boys shout Im gonna kill ya as an indication of the boys murderous rage.However, when he was enticed by the decorator later in a give-and-take after being called a sadist, he too shouts, Im gonna kill ya but he does not really mean it. It was just the situation that elicited such(prenominal) a response. Similarly, the parentage broker assumed that the boys in faculty to rejoin the delineations he went to meant that he was lying and not that he whitethorn get not been able to come back it collect to the situation, trauma and mental essay. The acknowledgment came, when he himself was not able to recall the paintings he went to just a few days back even when he was not under any stress.A digestation bias in decision making is referred to as selecting and using only facts that support our expec tation and ignoring disconcerting facts. Since all but one of the jurors had an expectation of a guiltyverdict, they all confirmed their biases by infinitely reiterating those same twisted facts that confirmed their expectations and nil but one stopped to question. As a result of this bias, they genuinely unnoted certain pieces of information that would flip ca employ disarray and chaos in their minds.For example, they did not go through that the old man was walking with a limp and thus he could not piddle reached the room access in a mere 15 seconds. Secondly, they failed to see the attach on the old womans eyes who testified to go for seen the killing. Thirdly, that the tongue that was used for the killing was not all that bizarre and finally, that it would deliver been impossible for anybody to hear, Im gonna kill ya at the same time as a noisy L train was passing by. Group Behavior It is interesting to note that the five stages of Group increase Model can be quite cl early captured in this plastic film.In the initiative stage that is of forming outgrowths feel some(prenominal) dubiousness. This uncertainty was evident up until the first vote when all the jurors were trying to get to know each other and trying to ascertain how the others entangle about the case. For example, the huffy man who ran a messenger service had first interacted with the timid bank shop clerk and had expressed his frustration over how the lawyers would keep on talking and talking on an open and sure case like this.There was an air of uncertainty even when Mr. knob was ascertaining a seating coiffure and the loud mouthed bigot questioned as to what difference it made. In the second stage that is storming, there are lots of conflicts between group members. This was seen from the first vote which resulted in an 111 in favor of guilty to a 102 vote after which the other members started to shrug of the environment of hale conformity and genuinely were interested in hold forthing further.During the storming stage, many conflicts arose such as the argument between the loud mouthed store owner and the guy from the slum and because Mr. foreman getting upset how irreverent the garage owner was in his causal agency to try and keep things organized. In the norming stage, members attain genuine close relationships and cohesiveness. This was seen from the 102 vote to a 66 vote when members chose to recognize out themselves closely with the members who were supporting their decision. It started when the clothes designer gambled for support by calling for a vote through reclusive ballot. In the performing stage, the group becomes fully functional. This was seen from a 66 vote all the way till a accordant not guilty verdict.This period was characterized by clear argumentation from both sides, celebrate a few instances such as the unreasonable change of vote by the baseball strike out and the ridiculous yelling by the garage owner. The archi tect was making clear and consistent arguments and casting a clear doubt in the testimonies of each of the stunneres and being supported by others who prospered a not guilty verdict such as the old man who very astutely identified the label on the womans thread who testified to have seen the actual killing. One of the most important aspects of group behavior that is visualized in this film is the idea of Groupthink and Groupshift.Groupthink is portrayed in situations where group pressures for conformity deter the group from critically appraising unusual, nonage and unpopular views. When the initial vote was taken public, several jurors, who later expressed the uncertainty over a guilty verdict, chose to come with the group in an effort to confirm to the mass and the architect was the lone man standing. For example, it seemed as if the guy from the slum was uncertain and he did not say more than but just went with the majority at the beginning.Furthermore, the old man to a fault initially confirmed with the group but switched when the vote was private and finally the baseball fan very blatantly went along with the majority or the dominating group which was seen when he changed his vote to not guilty just to break the deadlock and because the not guilty group was gradually getting stronger. Groupshiftoccurs when discussing a given set of alternatives and arriving at a solution, group members tend to exaggerate the initial positions that they hold. This causes a shift to a more conservative or a more risky behavior.This was seen when the angry, distraught father brought in his prejudices about teenagers in general which was followed by seemingly vindicating facts highlighted by the astute downslope broker further pushed the group towards a risky guilty verdict. Even the architect came under pressure and agreed to surveil if everyone voted guilty by a secret ballot. Personality The personality of the architect is specially of interest. One of the att ributes that he demonstrated was agreement which encompasses loyalty to a particular idea. passim the film, he always remained consistent in his opposition to the majority which essentially made other question their judgment. For example, the old man changed his vote s insinuate because he matte that if someone is defending his vote with such conviction, then he may have some important points to pass. He also scored high on agreeableness because he was good enough-natured, cooperative and trusting and did not appear rigid. For example, he pointed that he didnt of necessity think that the majority was wrong. He just wanted to talk more about it which showed that he was consistent, yet open minded.He also scored high in ablaze stability because he was calm, self-confident and inviolable under stress. It is difficult to remain calm and cool under a stress offered by personalities like the astute parentage broker, the loud mouthed garage owner and the angry man who ran a messeng er service. His love seat and the antagonist scored relatively low on emotional stability simply because he lost his temper on a lot of occasions which swayed the group against him. For example, in his emotionally unstable state, he in arrangely accused the guy from the slum for hanging after a golden articulate starts preaching.Moreover, he started to tot his own downfall when he said things in an emotional burst such as when he himself concedes that the witness was an old man and couldnt have been positive about anything. And then when he was enticed by the architect himself, he shouted, Im gonna kill ya and hence disproved his own arguments about how this very description could actually tug to murder. The architect also scored high on painstakingness because he was responsible, dependent, persistent and organized.He would look at each testimony and very lease a conscious effort to investigate the pocketable details for any evidence of inconsistency that would lead others t o have a reasonable doubt in their minds. For example, he ordered the blueprint of the old mans house and emulated his gimpiness walk to the door the exact blank so see if the old man could really reach the front door in 15 seconds. The application of the by-line three areas of organizational behavior helps us to give an academic bent to the film and helps us appreciate the true splendor behind a 1957 drama film.12 sm former(a)ing custody EssayIn the picture, 12 aggravated Men, an 18 stratum old boy from a slum is charged with murder. He is put on trial for being accused of keen his father in the chest with a knife. Some of the first ten amendments of the peter of Rights are shown in this movie such as the fifth and sixth amendments. tally to the 5th Amendment when there is a jury trial all 12 jurors must make a unanimous vote on whether or not the suspect is righteous or guilty. 12 Angry men shows how one man votes the 18 twelvemonth old boy is innocent while all the ot hers are hung up on believing he is guilty. The one innocent voting man then does his best and gradually over a few hours begins convincing more and more of the 12 men that he is innocent. alike in the Fifth Amendment it states that the great unwashed have the right to be a witness or to not be a witness against themselves. In the movie a peeress and an old man are on stand as witnesses to try and prove the suspect is guilty. The lady who lives crosswise the street claims to have seen through the windowpane and a passing train in the meat of the night that the boy stabbed his father. The old man claims to have heard the boy yell Im dismissal to kill you. Both witnesses stories have some faults to them. For instance, the lady wears glasses and in order for her to see the whole incident she would have had to wear her glasses to bed the night it happened. The old man lives by the lady and it would be hard to hear the boy shout Im going to kill you over the roar of a passing train. The Sixth amendment allows a straightaway and public trial to take place. A speedy trial doesnt mean that it the trial only takes an hour until its solved. Time depends on how long due process takes or how many great deal are ahead waiting for trial. withal a speedy trial says the suspect is innocent until proven guilty. The 18 year old boy is said to be innocent for the accusations of murdering his father.Impartial jury plays an important role while on trial. The term impartial jury means that the people that make up the jury have no antecedent knowledge of the defendants guilt or innocence. This allows the defendant to get a fair trial. The men on the jury do not know the boy personally. In the movie one man claims that he was also from a slum so he can understand a little more about the boys life. This could help the juror to think more about the guilt or innocence. Also a juror has seen a knife fight before and knows that most people do not stab downwardly into the chest area if they are shorter than the person being stabbed. This also breaks down the facts to help determine if the defendant in the movie is innocent or guilty.Without the first ten amendments of the Bill Of Rights there would be chaos. 12 Angry men demonstrate how the Fifth and Sixth Amendments help a lot when it comes to trial. If there were none of these important Amendments people would get accused and have an raw trial leaving a uncool result for the person and others around them.12 angry men Essay12 Angry MenSubmitted by Pam McDonalde-mail Pam_McDonaldnifc.blm.govPhone 208-387-5318Audience Rating not RatedReleased 1957Studio United Artists/MGMGenre maneuverRuntime 95 minutesMaterials VCR or DVD, television or projection system, Wildland promote leading determine and normals handouts (single-sided), notepad, writing apparatusObjective Students will pose Wildland dissolve leading value and Principles illustrated at heart 12 Angry Men and discuss lead lessons learned w ith group members or mentors. raw material Plot The jury of twelve angry men, entrusted with the power to send an uneducated, teenaged Puerto Rican, tenement-dwelling boy to the electric chair for killing his father with a switchblade knife, are literally locked into a small, claustrophobic rectangular room on a stifling hot summer day until they come up with a unanimous decision both guilty or not guilty.The compelling, intriguing film examines the twelve mens deep-seated personal prejudices, perceptual biases and weaknesses, indifference, anger, personalities, unreliable judgments, cultural differences, ignorance and fears, that threaten to taint their decision-making abilities, cause them to ignore the real issues in the case, and potentially lead them to a miscarriage of justice. (http//www.filmsite.org/twelve.html) sanctify of Main CharactersMartin BalsamJuror 1 (Foreman coach)John FiedlerJuror 2 (Bank clerk inexperienced juror)Lee J. CobbJuror 3 (Angry mankind with photo of son)E. G. MarshallJuror 4 (Stock Broker) maw KlugmanJuror 5 (Grew up in the slums)Edward BinnsJuror 6 (Painter)Jack WardenJuror 7 (Sports fan)Henry FondaJuror 8 (Architect Man who doesnt know)Joseph SweeneyJuror 9 (Nice honest-to-goodness gentleman)Ed BegleyJuror 10 (Prejudiced older gentleman with cold)George VoskovecJuror 11 (Foreign watchmaker)Robert WebberJuror 12 (Advertising Executive doodler)Facilitation Options12 Angry Men illustrates an abundance of leaders value and rulesespecially an emphasis on group cook, the decision making process, and Socratic leaders. Students should have few problems identifying those that correspond to the Wildland eruption lead Values and Principles. The objective is not to identify every leading principle but to promote thought and discussion. Students should be less concerned with how many principles they view within the film and more concerned with how the principles they do recognize can be used to develop themselves as a leader. ch ance copies of the ring Cohesion Assessment Tool, unquestionable by Mission-Centered Solutions, from the Wildland Fire Leadership split upment website (http//www. go up leading.gov/toolbox/ historys/Crew_Cohesion_Assessment.pdf) for use with Guided Discussion, 1. If you have not used this tool, this might be an beautiful opportunity to do so.The film can be viewed in its totality or by clip selection, depending on facilitator intent and time schedules. Another method is to have the employee(s) view the film on his/her own and then hold the discussion session.Full-film Facilitation SuggestionWhen opting for the full-film method, the facilitator should determine a good breaking point near the middle of the film.1.Review the Wildland Fire Leadership Values and Principles with students. 2.Advise students to document instances within the film that illustrate/ part the Wildland Fire Leadership Values and Principles on the handout provided. 3.Break students into small discussion gro ups.4.Show students 12 Angry Men.5.Break. (Suggestion When the jury takes their break.)6.Begin the guided discussion.7.Provide a short synopsis with some ticklers to wage attention before beginning the rest of the film. 8.Resume the film.9.Have students discuss their findings and how they will employ leadership lessons learned to their role in wildland resurrect suppression. Facilitate discussion in groups that have difficulty. 10.Wrap up the session and encourage students to apply leadership lessons learned in their personal and work lives.Clip Facilitation Suggestion1.Review the Wildland Fire Leadership Value or Principle targeted for discussion. (May be given or fill students to identify the value or principle being illustrated after viewing the clip.) 2.Show the clip.3.Facilitate discussion regarding the selected clip and corresponding value and/or principle. 4.Break students into small discussion groups.5.Have students discuss their findings and how they will apply leader ship lessons learned to their role in wildland incinerate suppression. Facilitate discussion in groups that may have difficulty. 6.Wrap up the session and encourage students to apply leadership lessons learned in their personal and work lives.Mentor Suggestion use either method presented above. The mentor should be forthcoming to the student to discuss lessons learned from the film as well as incorporating them to the students leadership self-development plan.Encouraging individuals to keep a leadership journal is an excellent way to document leadership values and principles that are practiced.Suggest other wildland fire leadership toolbox items that will top to the overall leadership development of the student.former(a) ReferencesAdvanced spotledge. Twelve Angry Men Teams That Dont Quit. Facilitator Guide. 1998. (Goes with the Targeted Learning familiarity reference below.) http//advancedknowledge.com/twelve.pdfClemens, John K. and Wolff, Melora. Movies to Manage By. Chapter 6 Socratic Leadership12 Angry Men, pp. 117-137. 1999.Kouzes, James and Posner, Barry. The Leadership Challenge. Third Edition. 2002. www.theleadershipchallenge.comPatnode, major Norman H (USAF). Program focus and Leadership. The Socratic Method Leveraging Questions to step-up Performance. November-December 2002.Targeted Learning Corporation. Twelve Angry Men Teams That Dont Quit http//www.targetlearn.com/ software documentation/TWEL000.pdfUniversity of Chicago Graduate School of Business, managerial Psychology. Summary of Class Discussion on Twelve Angry Men, with connections toSix Principles of Group Decision Making. 2005. http//gsbwww.uchicago.edu/fac/joshua.klayman/teaching/ManagerialPsych-05B/3-12%20angry%20handout-2005B.doc.Hyperlinks have been embarrass to facilitate the use of the Wildland Fire Leadership risement Program website. Encourage students of leadership to visit the website at http//www.fireleadership.gov.Wildland Fire Leadership Values and Principles craftBe skillful in your job, both technically and as a leader. Take charge when in charge.Adhere to professional standard direct procedures.Develop a plan to compass given objectives. comprise sound and seasonably decisions.Maintain situation awareness in order to anticipate needed actions. Develop contingencies and consider consequences.Improvise within the air force officers intent to wrap up a rapidly changing environment.Ensure that tasks are understood, supervised and accomplished. Issue clear instructions. get word and assess actions in progress without micro-managing. Use positive feedback to modify duties, tasks and assignments when allow for.Develop your subordinates for the future. intelligibly state expectations.Delegate those tasks that you are not required to do personally. take up individual skill levels and development of necessity when grant tasks. Respect dwell your subordinates and look out for their well being.Put the safety of your subordinates above all other objectives. Take guard of your subordinates needs.Resolve conflicts between individuals on the squad.Keep your subordinates assured.Provide ideal and punctual briefings.Give the reason (intent) for assignments and tasks.Make yourself available to answer questions at appropriate times.Build the police squad.Conduct frequent debriefings with the group to identify lessons learned. Recognize individual and team accomplishments and reward them appropriately. Apply disciplinary measures equally. rent your subordinates in accordance with their capabilities. Observe humans beings behavior as well as fire behavior.Provide early warn to subordinates of tasks they will be responsible for. Consider team experience, fatigue and physical coifations when withdraw assignments. IntegrityKnow yourself and seek improvement.Know the strengths/weaknesses in your character and skill level. hire questions of peers and superiors.Actively listen to feedback from subordinates.Seek righteousnes s and accept responsibility for your actions. Accept full responsibility for and correct poor team performance. Credit subordinates for good performance.Keep your superiors informed of your actions.Set the example.Share the hazards and hardships with your subordinates.Dont show discouragement when facing set backs.Choose the difficult right over the easy wrong.12 Angry Men1.Document film clips illustrating the Wildland Fire Leadership Values and Principles. 2.Discuss leadership lessons learned from the film with group members or mentor.DutyBe dependable in your job, both technically and as a leader. Make sound and timely decisions.Ensure that tasks are understood, supervised and accomplished. Develop yoursubordinates for the future.RespectKnow your subordinates and look out for their well being.Keep your subordinates informed.Build the team.employ your subordinates in accordance with their capabilities.IntegrityKnow yourself and seek improvement.Seek responsibility and accept respo nsibility for your actions. Set the example.12 Angry MenGuided Discussion1.Using the Mission-Centered Solutions Crew Cohesion Assessment that your facilitator has provided, identify scenes in the movie that tinge to the behaviors listed on the assessment.2.Identify at to the lowest degree three positive behaviors or actions that you cut in the movie that can make your team more utile?3.Which of the characters in the movie appear to be leaders? How effective are they?4.One of the promotional posters for the movie stated demeanor is in their hands Death is on their minds. It explodes like 12 sticks of dynamite What does this statement imply about the situation and how does this relate to life on the fireline?5.How does the decision-making environment of the movie tally that of the wildland fire service? What lessons will you take from the movie to make your team stronger?6.Juror 3 has sat on many cases and has a negative view of lawyers. He seemed to have determined guilt even prior to hearing the case. How does self-complacency affect decision-making and team effectiveness within the wildland fire federation? Discuss instances of complacency that you have experienced. How did you handle those situations?7.Juror 10 questions the Foremans ability to lead stating the Foreman is a kid. This in turn leads to the Foreman questioning his leadership skills. Discuss instances when you witnessed a supervisor ignore suggestions from a subordinate because the supervisor felt the subordinate lacked the knowledge/experience to make such a suggestion. Was the supervisors concern warranted? How did you handle the situation?8.Juror 7 changes his vote from guilty to not guilty in order to bring about consensus even though he believes the defendant is guilty. What Wildland Fire Leadership Values and Principles does the character via media?9.Individual jurors allowed personal feelings (age, ethnicity, class, prior relationships, etc.) to play a major role in find out their verdict of the defendant. How would you handle a crew/team member who allowed his/her personal feelings to compromise the groups representation? 12 Angry MenThe pursual clips illustrate the Wildland Leadership Values and Principles. These are only guidelines and may be see differently by other views they are presented as a guide for facilitation.DutyThe judge gives the jury final instructions. (Issue clear instructions and clearly state expectations.) Juror 4 explains that is customary to take a preliminary vote. (Adhere to professional operating procedures.) Juror 8 does not intend to change anyones verdict he just wants to talk. (Clearly state expectations.) A time limit is set on how long the jury will deliberate before declaring themselves a hung jury. (Develop a plan to accomplish objectives.) The Foreman of the jury had a responsibility to lead the group he gives up. (Be proficient in your jub, both technically and asa leader.)RespectJuror 8 asks the right questions to invoke responses and action from Juror 3. (Observe human behavior as well as fire behavior.) Juror 6 defends Juror 9 when Juror 3 attacks the older gentleman. (Put the safety of your subordinates above all other objectives.) Each juror gives his reasoning for verdict. (Give the reason for assignments and tasks.)The Foreman gets Juror 8 the exhibits he wants even though he passably much gives up his leadership role. (Take care of your subordinates needs.) Juror 8 agrees to give his reasoning although the goal of the group was to change his verdict. (Make yourself available to answer questions at appropriate times.)IntegrityJuror 8 declares a non-guilty verdict. (Choose the difficult right over the easy wrong.) Juror 8 doesnt know if the defendant is guilty or innocent just wants to talk. (Ask questions of peers and superiors.) The foreman loses his stoicism as a leader. (Dont show discouragement when facing set backs.) Jurors change their verdicts after listening to others. (Ac tively listen to feedback from superiors.) Jurors 3 and 10 realize personal issues have clouded their judgment. (Accept full responsibility for and correct poor team performance) 12 Angry MenGuided Discussion doable Answers1.Using the Mission-Centered Solutions Crew Cohesion Assessment that your facilitator has provided, identify scenes in the movie that relate to the behaviors listed on the assessment.Answers will vary, but may includeJudge debriefs the jury and provides final instructionscommanders intent. (Learning and Communication) Conflict occurs many times between jury memberssome are addressed. (Conflict) Jury members begin to feel theenvironment change and trust is built. (Trust) Juror 8 discusses the need to uphold the U.S. recordhistoric implications. (Teamwork) The jury is able to alteration between high-stress and low-stress conditions. (Effectiveness) The jury comes to consensus. (Leadership)2.Identify at least three positive behaviors or actions that you saw in th e movie that can make your team more effective?Answers will vary, but may includenot speed uping to conclusions. Taking time to discuss a situation or topic. sing openly and honestly.Promote team member equality.Learn more about one anotheraddress mixture.3.Which of the characters in the movie appear to be leaders? How effective are they?Answers will vary. Students should identify dickens prominent leadersJurors 1 and 8. legion(predicate) instances exist when individuals assume a leadership role.4.One of the promotional posters for the movie stated Life is in their hands Death is on their minds. It explodes like 12 sticks of dynamite What does this statement imply about the situation and how does this relate to life on the fireline?Viewers strike off a very detonative environmenthot and humid day, lock down, diversity and age differenceseven before deliberations begin. A control for leadership is waged at the beginning when members attack and overrule the foremans idea of a secret ballot. at one time the vote is taken, an all-out war is waged against the one dissenter.These same situations are found in the wildland fire community. Firefighters are faced with explosive situations daily. Being able to handle decision-making under stress is critical to completing the legation in a safe and effectual manner.5.How does the decision-making environment of the movie parallel that of thewildland fire service? What lessons will you take from the movie to make your team stronger?Answers will vary, but may includeWildland firefighters must make decisions that can ultimately affect the lives of others. Rushes to judgment/action can result in the loss of life. Individuals may not let their concerns be known for various reasonsnot tough enough, administrative concerns, politics. Wildland firefighters owe a duty to one another to talk about questions and concerns they have.6.Juror 3 has sat on many juries and has a negative view of lawyers. He seemed to have determ ined guilt even prior to hearing the case. How does complacency affect decision-making and team effectiveness within the wildland fire community? Discuss instances of complacency that you have experienced. How did you handle those situations?Answers will vary, but may includeA rush to judgment.Increased safety risks.Breakdown in crew cohesion.7.Juror 10 questions the Foremans ability to lead stating the Foreman is a kid. This in turn leads to the Foreman questioning his leadership skills. Discuss instances when you witnessed a supervisor disregarding suggestions because he/she felt a subordinate lacked the knowledge/experience to make such a suggestion. Was the supervisors concern warranted? How did you handle the situation?Answers will vary.8.Juror 7 changes his vote from guilty to not guilty in order to bring about consensus even though he believes the defendant is guilty. What Wildland Fire Leadership Values and Principles does the character compromise?Answers will vary, but may includeAll three values are compromised in some manner. He has a duty to the defendant to obtain a fair trial and to address reasonable doubt issues. The other jurors deserve respect from him. He should be putting the needs of the defendant and the other jurors in front of his own needs to see the baseball game. He lacks the fairness to accept the responsibility of being a juror and upholding the structure of the U.S. Constitution and the legal process. Numerous principles with the values are also compromised.9.Individual jurors allowed personal feelings (age, ethnicity, class, prior relationships, etc.) to play a major role in determining their verdict of the defendant. How would you handle a crew/team member who allowed his/her personal feelings to compromise the groups mission?Answers will vary.